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	<title>Blogospheric Refraction &#187; Redhatter (VK4MSL)</title>
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	<link>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog</link>
	<description>The life and times of Stuart Longland (VK4MSL)</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Tue, 20 Dec 2011 07:29:40 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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	<managingEditor>me@vk4msl.yi.org (Blogospheric Refraction)</managingEditor>
	<webMaster>me@vk4msl.yi.org (Blogospheric Refraction)</webMaster>
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		<title>Blogospheric Refraction</title>
		<link>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog</link>
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	<itunes:summary>The life and times of Stuart Longland (VK4MSL)</itunes:summary>
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	<itunes:category text="Society &#38; Culture" />
	<itunes:author>Blogospheric Refraction</itunes:author>
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		<itunes:name>Blogospheric Refraction</itunes:name>
		<itunes:email>me@vk4msl.yi.org</itunes:email>
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		<item>
		<title>GL4Ever Flytouch III: The internal SD card</title>
		<link>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/12/20/gl4ever-flytouch-iii-the-internal-sd-card/</link>
		<comments>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/12/20/gl4ever-flytouch-iii-the-internal-sd-card/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Dec 2011 07:29:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Redhatter (VK4MSL)</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Linux Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Syndication]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/?p=883</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Well, further analysis today. The Flytouch III seems to boot off an embedded SD card. I don&#8217;t know if it is removable or not, for now I&#8217;ll assume no. Having gained root access earlier, I was able to use dd and nc to siphon off a copy of the internal SD card, which appears as [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Well, further analysis today.  The Flytouch III seems to boot off an embedded SD card.  I don&#8217;t know if it is removable or not, for now I&#8217;ll assume no.</p>
<p>Having gained root access earlier, I was able to use <tt>dd</tt> and <tt>nc</tt> to siphon off a copy of the internal SD card, which appears as <tt>/dev/block/mmcblk0</tt>.  To grab a copy, first plug the unit into Ethernet (it&#8217;ll be faster, trust me) and have another Linux box handy:</p>
<p>Start up netcat on a Linux system:<br />
<code>$ busybox nc -l -p 8123 > tablet.img</code></p>
<p>Then on the tablet, become root:<br />
<code>$ /system/bin/su</code></p>
<p>Then start copying to the other system (here; its IP is 12.23.34.45):<br />
<code># dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0 | nc 12.23.34.45 8123</code></p>
<p>Sit back and wait, it should be done in about 5 minutes.  Now if you look at the partition table, you&#8217;ll see the following:</p>
<pre>
Disk tablet.img: 482 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units = sectors of 512 bytes, counting from 0

   Device Boot    Start       End   #sectors  Id  System
tablet.img1            63   5535320    5535258   b  W95 FAT32           < -- User applications, data live here
tablet.img2       5535321   7612181    2076861   5  Extended
tablet.img3       7612248   7677783      65536  bb  Boot Wizard hidden  <-- Kernel?
tablet.img4       7677784   7743319      65536  bb  Boot Wizard hidden  <-- UBoot?
tablet.img5       5535384   6059608     524225  83  Linux               <-- /system partition
tablet.img6       6059672   7595608    1535937  83  Linux               <-- Android internal?
tablet.img7       7595672   7611992      16321  83  Linux               <-- ???
</pre>
<p>Partitions 3 and 4 are a complete mystery.  They're not a standard Linux file system, but, the former appears to hold a copy of the Linux kernel, and the latter seems to hold a copy of UBoot.  You can bust the image apart using the following script:</p>
<p><code><br />
/sbin/sfdisk -uS -l tablet.img | grep ^tablet.img | while read part; do<br />
    pn=$( echo "$part" | cut -c 11-11 );<br />
    s=$( echo "$part" | cut -c 13-25 );<br />
    l=$( echo "$part" | cut -c 36-48 );<br />
    echo "[$pn][$s][$l]";<br />
    dd if=tablet.img of=tablet-$pn.img skip=$(( $s )) count=$(( $l ));<br />
done<br />
</code></p>
<p>You might have to play with column offsets.</p>
<p>The initial part of partition 3 looks like this:
</pre>
<pre>00000000  41 4e 44 52 4f 49 44 21  c0 d7 4b 00 00 80 00 10  |ANDROID!..K.....|
00000010  b5 2a 15 00 00 00 00 11  00 00 00 00 00 00 f0 10  |.*..............|
00000020  00 01 00 10 00 08 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000030  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00000240  b8 29 4b 8c 7c d2 1f 65  cf b3 3a 78 bc 87 c0 61  |.)K.|..e..:x...a|
00000250  2e 24 79 a5 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.$y.............|
00000260  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00000800  27 05 19 56 43 d9 c4 f4  4e ab c7 11 00 4b d7 80  |'..VC...N....K..|
00000810  80 00 80 00 80 00 80 00  d5 42 0e 53 05 02 02 00  |.........B.S....|
00000820  4c 69 6e 75 78 2d 32 2e  36 2e 33 35 2e 37 00 00  |Linux-2.6.35.7..|
00000830  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000840  d3 f0 21 e3 10 9f 10 ee  56 00 00 eb 05 a0 b0 e1  |..!.....V.......|
00000850  52 00 00 0a 6c 00 00 eb  05 80 b0 e1 4f 00 00 0a  |R...l.......O...|
00000860  7b 00 00 eb 13 00 00 eb  c0 d0 9f e5 00 e0 8f e2  |{...............|
00000870  10 f0 8a e2 30 5f 11 ee  02 50 85 e3 30 5f 01 ee  |....0_...P..0_..|
00000880  02 00 80 e3 1f 50 a0 e3  10 5f 03 ee 10 4f 02 ee  |.....P..._...O..|</pre>
<p>Note the rather prominent &#8220;Linux-2.6.35.7&#8243;.  Similarly, if we pick through partition 4:</p>
<pre>00020eb0  11 12 a0 41 10 13 a0 51  30 1c 81 41 10 02 a0 e1  |...A...Q0..A....|
00020ec0  1e ff 2f e1 ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  |../.............|
00020ed0  00 10 05 60 20 10 05 60  00 13 05 60 20 13 05 60  |...` ..`...` ..`|
00020ee0  40 13 05 60 00 16 05 60  20 16 05 60 00 19 05 60  |@..`...` ..`...`|
00020ef0  20 19 05 60 00 1c 05 60  20 1c 05 60 40 1c 05 60  | ..`...` ..`@..`|
00020f00  55 2d 42 6f 6f 74 20 32  30 31 30 2e 30 36 20 28  |U-Boot 2010.06 (|
00020f10  4f 63 74 20 32 39 20 32  30 31 31 20 2d 20 31 37  |Oct 29 2011 - 17|
00020f20  3a 32 37 3a 30 31 29 00  18 13 ea 80 20 13 ea 80  |:27:01)..... ...|
00020f30  27 13 ea 80 2e 13 ea 80  35 13 ea 80 3c 13 ea 80  |'.......5...< ...|
00020f40  43 13 ea 80 4a 13 ea 80  51 13 ea 80 58 13 ea 80  |C...J...Q...X...|
00020f50  5f 13 ea 80 67 13 ea 80  6f 13 ea 80 77 13 ea 80  |_...g...o...w...|
00020f60  7f 13 ea 80 87 13 ea 80  8f 13 ea 80 97 13 ea 80  |................|</pre>
</pre>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Gaining root access on the Android 2.3-based GL4Ever Flytouch III</title>
		<link>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/12/16/root-gl4ever-flytouch-iii-gingerbread/</link>
		<comments>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/12/16/root-gl4ever-flytouch-iii-gingerbread/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Dec 2011 06:44:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Redhatter (VK4MSL)</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Linux Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Syndication]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/?p=880</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Yes, I&#8217;ve joined this century and bought myself a tablet. Lately, I&#8217;ve found myself needing some means of navigating in strange areas whilst on the bicycle, and while pieces of paper work &#8212; if you&#8217;re organised enough to print them out in advance and not ride too fast (otherwise they disappear with the wind), I&#8217;ve [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yes, I&#8217;ve joined this century and bought myself a tablet. Lately, I&#8217;ve found myself needing some means of navigating in strange areas whilst on the bicycle, and while pieces of paper work &#8212; if you&#8217;re organised enough to print them out in advance and not ride too fast (otherwise they disappear with the wind), I&#8217;ve found there are a number of shortcomings with this.</p>
<p>Since I like open source, and didn&#8217;t like the idea of spending several hundred on a hand-held GPS with proprietary firmware &amp; map data which I need to constantly purchase updates for, I opted for the cheapskate route.  I picked up a GL4Ever Flytouch III Tablet off eBay.  The unit I have came loaded with Android 2.3 (Gingerbread).</p>
<p>Ultimately I may replace the OS, or at least, the kernel, soon as I have sources for it, but in the meantime, it runs what it came with.  I have however, already managed to gain root access.</p>
<p>Those who might do a search for how to do so, may come across <a href="http://thebelv.altervista.org/Flytouch3/rooting/rooting_flytouch3.html">this guide</a>.  I tried this first, and found I had no joy.  USB Debugging was enabled out-of-the-box on the unit I have, but z4root did not successfully enable root access.  The following are my notes on how I gained a shell with root access on the device.  Ohh, and I warn you, there is no warranty given in the instructions below.  If it breaks, you get to keep the pieces.</p>
<ol>
<li>Download and install <a href="http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1044765">Gingerbreak</a>.</li>
<li>Run Gingerbreak, it will run for a while, before resetting the device.  Upon starting, you should now notice you have a <em>Superuser</em> application installed.</li>
<li>Next, install <a href="https://github.com/jackpal/Android-Terminal-Emulator/wiki">Android Terminal</a>.</li>
<li>Now, run <tt>/system/bin/su</tt>.</li>
</ol>
<p><tt>/bin/su</tt> is a symbolic link to <tt>/bin/busybox</tt> which was installed without the <tt>setuid</tt> bit, and is broken anyway, you&#8217;ll find if you do add a <tt>setuid</tt> bit, it will report that it can&#8217;t find the &#8216;<tt>root</tt>&#8216; user.  This system has no <tt>/etc/passwd</tt> or equivalent user database, so it has no idea who &#8216;<tt>root</tt>&#8216; is, but it knows who UID 0 is, and that&#8217;s what matters.  The latter &#8216;<tt>su</tt>&#8216; you&#8217;ll find has the necessary permissions, and knows about UID 0.</p>
<p>Other things I&#8217;ve found… the operating system lurks on a SD card embedded in the device.  Or at least, it&#8217;s <em>presented</em> as a SD card; <tt>/dev/block/mmcblk0</tt>.  The user-accessible SD-card port is <tt>/dev/block/mmcblk1</tt>.  You can verify this by ejecting the card, doing a <tt>ls /dev/block</tt>, then inserting a card and repeating.</p>
<p>On my TODO list, is to make a DD-copy of this block device, and pick through to see how one swaps out the kernel.  I&#8217;ll post notes if I figure this out.  I am also yet to obtain the kernel sources, I&#8217;ll chase those up before long.</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>&#8220;Journaling could not be enabled&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/10/30/journaling-could-not-be-enabled/</link>
		<comments>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/10/30/journaling-could-not-be-enabled/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 30 Oct 2011 02:12:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Redhatter (VK4MSL)</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Public Syndication]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/?p=873</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I struck this little jem today whilst shuffling the partitions around on my MacBook. (In my wisdom, I had made my MacOS X partitions waaay too big, and my Linux partitions waaay too small.) The back-story is that I had made my MacOS X root and /Users partitions too big. I had successfully shrunk both, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I struck this little jem today whilst shuffling the partitions around on my MacBook. (In my wisdom, I had made my MacOS X partitions waaay too big, and my Linux partitions waaay too small.)</p>
<p>The back-story is that I had made my MacOS X root and /Users partitions too big. I had successfully shrunk both, however, I discovered MacOS X&#8217;s Disk Utility does not support <em>moving</em> partitions, only resizing.  So, I created a new non-journalled HFS+ partition, booted into a Linux LiveCD, used <tt>rsync</tt> to clone the data.</p>
<p>All good and well, except after I deleted the old partition, I found I could not resize a non-journalled partition.  Fine, I hit &#8220;Enable Journaling&#8221;&#8230; no dice, it wouldn&#8217;t do it, and wouldn&#8217;t explain why.</p>
<p>So I was in a pickle.  The partition was too small for my needs, there was room to grow it, but it couldn&#8217;t do that unless journalling was enabled, and it wouldn&#8217;t enable it for me.</p>
<p>Further investigation, I fire up the Terminal and have a squiz on the command line, I spot something rather interesting:</p>
<pre>
vk4msl-mb:~ root# cd /Volumes/Home
vk4msl-mb:Home root# ls
.DS_Store		.fseventsd		Shared
.Spotlight-V100		<u>.journal</u>		stuartl
.TemporaryItems		<u>.journal_info_block</u>
.Trashes		.localized
</pre>
<p>Ohh yes, that might be a probable cause.  <tt>rsync</tt> it seems, copied the <tt>.journal</tt> file over.  And thus when Disk Utility <tt>open()</tt>&#8216;s <tt>.journal</tt> (presumably with <tt>O_CREAT</tt>), the MacOS X kernel reports <tt>EEXIST</tt> (the file already exists).</p>
<p>I tried renaming it (with <tt>mv</tt>):</p>
<pre>
vk4msl-mb:Home root# <b>mv .journal{,.old}</b>
mv: rename .journal to .journal.old: Operation not permitted
</pre>
<p>Okay, that didn&#8217;t work.  That said, the <em>old</em> partition was journalled, this one is not.  So it probably doesn&#8217;t contain anything of great relevance now.  It does have data:</p>
<pre>
vk4msl-mb:Home root# <b>ls -ld .journal</b>
----------@ 1 root  wheel  <u>25165824</u> Apr  4  2011 .journal
</pre>
<p>So I decided to kiss it goodbye:</p>
<pre>
vk4msl-mb:Home root# <b>rm .journal</b>
override ---------  root/wheel uappnd,uchg,nodump,opaque for .journal? <b>y</b>
vk4msl-mb:Home root# <b>rm .journal_info_block</b>
override ---------  root/wheel uappnd,uchg,opaque for .journal_info_block? <b>y</b>
vk4msl-mb:Home root# <b>ls</b>
.DS_Store	.TemporaryItems	.fseventsd	Shared
.Spotlight-V100	.Trashes	.localized	stuartl
</pre>
<p>All gone.  Having done this, I now found that Disk Utility was more than happy to not only enable journalling, but grow the partition as I originally asked.</p>
<pre>
vk4msl-mb:~ root# <b>mount</b>
/dev/disk0s2 on / (hfs, local, journaled)
devfs on /dev (devfs, local, nobrowse)
/dev/disk0s3 on /Volumes/Home (hfs, local, <u>journaled</u>)
map -hosts on /net (autofs, nosuid, automounted, nobrowse)
map auto_home on /home (autofs, automounted, nobrowse)
/dev/disk0s7 on /Volumes/Data (hfs, local)
vk4msl-mb:~ root# <b>df -h</b>
Filesystem      Size   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/disk0s2    93Gi   20Gi   73Gi    22%    /
devfs          123Ki  123Ki    0Bi   100%    /dev
/dev/disk0s3   242Gi   82Gi  160Gi    34%    /Volumes/Home
map -hosts       0Bi    0Bi    0Bi   100%    /net
map auto_home    0Bi    0Bi    0Bi   100%    /home
/dev/disk0s7    84Gi  893Mi   83Gi     2%    /Volumes/Data
</pre>
<p>If others find themselves in this sticky situation, this might be a way out.  I would <em>strongly</em> advise they back up any data before messing with file systems in this manner however.</p>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>&#8220;We don&#8217;t want management GUIs to run on servers – that&#8217;s a bad thing.&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/09/15/mgmtgui-server-bad/</link>
		<comments>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/09/15/mgmtgui-server-bad/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Sep 2011 23:07:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Redhatter (VK4MSL)</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Public Syndication]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rants]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/?p=871</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Yes, Finally, thank-you Jeffrey for admitting this. If only you had realised this years ago, I might not be battling Microsoft SQL Server 2000 using RDP over a 31.2kbps PSTN modem link yesterday and this morning.  I might&#8217;ve instead been using a mysqldump-like tool over something akin to SSH, which would have been very welcome [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yes, Finally, thank-you Jeffrey for <a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/09/14/windows_server_2008_overview/">admitting this</a>.</p>
<p>If only you had realised this years ago, I might not be battling Microsoft SQL Server 2000 using RDP over a 31.2kbps PSTN modem link yesterday and this morning.  I might&#8217;ve instead been using a <tt>mysqldump</tt>-like tool over something akin to SSH, which would have been very welcome yesterday and today.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Broadcom Wireless related ebuilds</title>
		<link>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/09/13/broadcom-wireless-related-ebuilds/</link>
		<comments>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/09/13/broadcom-wireless-related-ebuilds/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 13 Sep 2011 09:31:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Redhatter (VK4MSL)</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Gentoo Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Syndication]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/?p=865</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hi all… I got fed up of restoring my firmware for the Broadcom wireless chip in my late-2008 model MacBook.  Anyone who has one of these might find the current in-tree versions of net-wireless/b43-firmware is missing files needed by the modern b43 driver (namely ucode16_mimo.fw), and net-wireless/b43-fwcutter doesn&#8217;t well, cut it, for extracting the newer [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi all…</p>
<p>I got fed up of restoring my firmware for the Broadcom wireless chip in my late-2008 model MacBook.  Anyone who has one of these might find the current in-tree versions of <tt>net-wireless/b43-firmware</tt> is missing files needed by the modern b43 driver (namely <tt>ucode16_mimo.fw</tt>), and <tt>net-wireless/b43-fwcutter</tt> doesn&#8217;t well, cut it, for extracting the newer files.</p>
<p>If you&#8217;ve got a newer 802.11n-based Broadcom chip, you might find the following ebuilds handy:</p>
<ul>
<li><tt>net-wireless/b43-firmware-5.10.56.27.3</tt></li>
<li><tt>net-wireless/b43-fwcutter-015</tt> and <tt>net-wireless/b43-fwcutter-9999</tt></li>
</ul>
<p>The first is the firmware mentioned in <a href="http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.drivers.bcm54xx.devel/11583">this post</a>.  It needs a newer <tt>fwcutter</tt> binary than is provided in Portage.  You&#8217;ve got the choice of the latest version, or the bleeding edge via git.  Both work at time of writing, although neither are guaranteed.</p>
<p>The ebuilds are not in-tree, I&#8217;ll leave that for the <em>actual</em> maintainer for these ebuilds to pick them up if desired, I&#8217;ve put them in an overlay accessed via the following command:</p>
<pre>git clone git://git.longlandclan.yi.org/overlays/b43.git</pre>
<p>Or you can take a squiz via <a href="http://git.longlandclan.yi.org/?p=overlays/b43.git;a=summary">gitweb</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Build Log: 60W 2m Linear: Day 2</title>
		<link>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/08/13/buildlog-2mlinear-day1/</link>
		<comments>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/08/13/buildlog-2mlinear-day1/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Aug 2011 07:58:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Redhatter (VK4MSL)</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Amateur Radio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Homebrew]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Syndication]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/?p=858</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This post may also be read here. Well, today I did some more work on the 2m linear.  Earlier this week I ordered some SMA connectors and some 1N5711 diodes for the project. Two 1N5711 diodes will be used to make a voltage peak detector, to detect when the amplifier is subjected to power above [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This post may also be read <a href="http://forums.atomicmpc.com.au/index.php?s=&amp;showtopic=44184&amp;view=findpost&amp;p=891961">here</a>.</p>
<p>Well, today I did some more work on the 2m linear.  Earlier this week I ordered some SMA connectors and some 1N5711 diodes for the project.</p>
<p>Two 1N5711 diodes will be used to make a voltage peak detector, to detect when the amplifier is subjected to power above 60mW.  The SMA connectors will be the interconnects between the modules.  This afternoon&#8217;s effort was spent soldering the SMA connectors onto two of the boards, and mounting the 2m amplifier module onto the heatsink.</p>
<p>The EME157B2 preamplifier kit was originally intended to be mounted in a masthead box, with BNC connectors soldered to the PCB, and stuck up a pole near the antenna.  In my application, I wanted it to be in the same enclosure (with suitable shielding) as the power amp, so that I could use its RF detection to automatically switch the power amplifier on.  I will also be using different relays, mounted on a separate board.</p>
<p>Instead of mounting the SPDT relays for the kit on the EME157B2 board, I&#8217;ve instead left these off.  I also omitted the 2N7000 MOSFET which turns on the relays, and L4, an RF-blocking choke which permits the preamp to run from a 12V source supplied up the coax.  I instead will power the preamp directly.</p>
<p>Since the relays will be on a separate board, the plan is to run wires from the gate and source connections where the 2N7000 belongs, and run those out to a controller board.  With the relays gone, the RF detection and the preamp are essentially two distinct circuits.  So 3 SMA connectors will be needed.  Here is the completed board with the SMA connectors fitted, and suitable jumpers installed, ready for tuning.</p>
<div id="attachment_859" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/preamp.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-859" title="Completed 2m preamplifier" src="http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/preamp-300x225.jpg" alt="Completed 2m preamplifier" width="300" height="225" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Completed 2m preamplifier. Connectors going left-to-right: Antenna input, Amplifier output, RF detector input.</p></div>
<p>Next, I finished off the power amplifier board, mounting it to the heatsink.  I have left one EMC filter disconnected for now, as the instructions say to power it up first with it disconnected to set the trim pot for 4.5V bias.  Rather than mounting the board flat on the heatsink, I have instead opted to mount the PCB at 90? to the module.  I had to make the supplied eyelets a fraction longer to accommodate this.  I also mounted SMA connectors on this board.</p>
<div id="attachment_860" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/poweramp.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-860" title="Completed 2m power amplifier" src="http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/poweramp-300x225.jpg" alt="Completed 2m power amplifier" width="300" height="225" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Completed 2m power amplifier. RF input is on the left.</p></div>
<p>The plan is, I&#8217;ll route RG195 coax on the left side to a small module which will contain the overload detection circuit and two SMAs for an external attenuator module.  On the right, a low-pass filter will be connected.  I also had a stab at tapping holes into the sides of the heatsink for mounting a bracket.  This bracket would hold the fans on top, and would bolt onto the main enclosure.  In doing this, I managed to bugger up two of the 8 holes, and thus what I&#8217;ll probably do, is buy a M4 tap tomorrow, drill them all out to 3mm and tap them to 4mm.  These are structural holes, so bigger is probably better anyway.</p>
<p>Much of today though was spent designing the controller.  I&#8217;m still finalising the design, but a rough schematic is below.</p>
<div id="attachment_861" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/controller.png"><img class="size-medium wp-image-861" title="2m amplfier controller" src="http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/controller-300x220.png" alt="2m amplfier controller" width="300" height="220" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">2m amplfier controller</p></div>
<p>So, not yet going, but big parts are built now.</p>
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		<title>Build Log: 60W 2m Linear: Introduction and Day 1</title>
		<link>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/08/04/buildlog-2mlinear-day0/</link>
		<comments>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/08/04/buildlog-2mlinear-day0/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Aug 2011 10:25:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Redhatter (VK4MSL)</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Amateur Radio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Homebrew]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Syndication]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/?p=847</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This build log is also viewable here. Background A few months back, I grabbed the trusty FT-290R II ready to do my weekly run from The Gap to Tarragindi.  Quick test to check everything&#8217;s okay… the power meter swings to full scale, but strange, I&#8217;m not hitting any repeaters. Okay, grabbed the FT-897D instead, and [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This build log is also viewable <a href="http://forums.atomicmpc.com.au/index.php?showtopic=44184">here</a>.</p>
<h2>Background</h2>
<p>A few months back, I grabbed the trusty FT-290R II ready to do my weekly run from The Gap to Tarragindi.  Quick test to check everything&#8217;s okay… the power meter swings to full scale, but strange, I&#8217;m not hitting any repeaters.</p>
<p>Okay, grabbed the FT-897D instead, and I just did my weekly radio duties with that instead.  When I came home that evening, I had a closer look.  The FT-290R II was emitting a signal, the hand-held was picking that up.  It was also receiving just fine.  On a hunch I took off the FL-2025 linear, and hooked the antenna up directly to the radio.  Bingo… the radio works, the linear does not.</p>
<p>So, the linear had died, and thus I was in need of a new one.  Hand helds really don&#8217;t have much punch for mobile use, in fact, the FT-290 has been brilliant on the bike.  Not menu driven, so it&#8217;s real easy to drive while riding, simple, no frills, and sufficient grunt to get out of a bad area.  It also does SSB (and CW, but I&#8217;ll leave that to LY2KW).</p>
<p>I could buy a new set, in fact, I may get a FT-857D, as the 897D is a heavy lump of a radio to lug around, and there are times when HF capability is useful.  It is less than ideal on the bike however due to its size and weight.  There was nothing wrong with the FT-290, just its linear was dead, thus I was limited to its barefoot transmit power of 2.5W, even less than most handhelds.</p>
<p>So, I decided I&#8217;d try my hand at a semi-homebrew linear amplifier.</p>
<h2>The concept</h2>
<p>I wanted an amplifier that could achieve at least 25W of transmit power using SSB.  As I&#8217;d likely use it for things like WIA broadcasts, I wanted one that would also handle transmitting for a long period of time.</p>
<p>Designing a full blown amplifier on 2m is a bit beyond me with my limited homebrew experience.  It is also an issue sourcing the PCB material needed for VHF projects.  A lot out there call for FR4 grade fibreglass PCBs.  I have no idea what Jaycar sell.  So this was going to be a potential minefield.  Thus, I opted for a kit.</p>
<p>Minikits sell one based on the <a href="http://www.minikits.com.au/kits2.html#ra30h1317">Mitsubishi RA30H1317M</a>.  The same kit, can also take the 60W module, which sounded good to me.  Most of the time I&#8217;d be running it at 30W, but having 60W capability sounded good.  I purchased this, along with the 30W module as well just in case.</p>
<p>I also thought a pre-amp would be nice.  The same supplier sells <a href="http://www.minikits.com.au/kits2.html#eme157b2">this preamp kit</a>.  The kit also offers RF sensing, which would allow the amplifier to auto-detect the radio transmitting, and switch into transmit mode automatically.  This also allows for filtering, to prevent reception of pagers (not fun copping an earful of one of those when you&#8217;re wearing a helmet-embedded headset riding a bicycle).</p>
<h2>Cooling</h2>
<p>Minikits recommends using a Pentium 4 heatsink for 30W modules, however it wasn&#8217;t clear if this would be sufficient for 60W modules.</p>
<p>I wanted the amplifier module to stay below 100?C while operating with ambient temperatures at 40?C.  Pretty sure I don&#8217;t want to operate a radio under such conditions, so it should work fine in all conditions that I&#8217;m likely to encounter.</p>
<p>The amplifier module is about 45% efficient, thus about 135W is dissipated when operating at full power.  By my calculations, I was looking for cooling that can provide 0.22?C/W.</p>
<p>A quick search revealed that I could get one via <a href="http://www.conradheatsinks.com/products/flat_hd.html">Conrad</a> which in the open air achieves 0.84?C/W.  Combined with a fan, it can achieve 0.24?C/W.  Jaycar sell <a href="http://www.jaycar.com.au/productView.asp?ID=YX2505&amp;form=CAT2&amp;SUBCATID=981#1">this fan</a>, which is quite capable.  In fact, two of them will fit across the back of the heatsink, so with dual fans, I should be well and truly within limits.</p>
<p>I placed the order for the heatsink a fortnight ago.  Due to a mix-up, I didn&#8217;t get it until Wednesday, but that&#8217;s fine, I wasn&#8217;t in any hurry.  With the heatsink now in my possession, I today headded to Jaycar to pick up some of the bits and pieces I&#8217;d need for this project, starting with the enclosure.</p>
<p>One thing I <em>did</em> neglect to procure today, were the fans… but no biggie, I&#8217;ll get those later.</p>
<h2>Prior work</h2>
<p>Well, technically day one was some time ago.  I had already mostly built the amplifier kit, and the preamp.  The preamp got built way back when I first obtained the kits.</p>
<p>The power amp was built later, however the instructions suggested that I wait until I have the amplifier module mounted on the heatsink before I go soldering it to the PCB.</p>
<div id="attachment_848" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/amp-and-module.jpeg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-848 " title="Amplifier kit and 60W module" src="http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/amp-and-module-300x224.jpg" alt="Amplifier kit and 60W module" width="300" height="224" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Amplifier kit and 60W module</p></div>
<h2>Day 1</h2>
<p>Having got the heatsink, enclosure and tools, I set to work.  Initially I positioned, drilled and tapped the two M3 holes for mounting the amplifier module.  I haven&#8217;t tried putting the amplifier in place yet, but it looks like the holes are positioned pretty well.</p>
<div id="attachment_849" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/heatsink-and-ampmod.jpeg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-849" title="Amplifier module on heatsink" src="http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/heatsink-and-ampmod-300x224.jpg" alt="Amplifier module on heatsink" width="300" height="224" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Amplifier module on heatsink</p></div>
<p>My plan, is to bend the pins on the module at 90? and mount the PCB horizontally.  Both module and PCB would be passed through the side wall of the enclosure, with the heatsink outside.  I originally wanted the heatsink inside the case (with vent holes), but of course, Jaycar are not good at providing internal dimensions, and I soon discovered it&#8217;d be awkward to fit.</p>
<p>It took a bit of experimentation to cut the hole in the side.  No, I won&#8217;t be winning any prizes for my metal work, in fact, it never was one of my best subjects.</p>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/enclosure-and-heatsink.jpeg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-850" title="Heatsink and empty enclosure" src="http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/enclosure-and-heatsink-300x224.jpg" alt="Heatsink and empty enclosure" width="300" height="224" /></a><a href="http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/heatsink-and-enclosure-altview.jpeg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-851" title="Heatsink and empty enclosure (side view)" src="http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/heatsink-and-enclosure-altview-300x224.jpg" alt="Heatsink and empty enclosure (side view)" width="300" height="224" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Heatsink and empty enclosure</p></div>
<h2>Next steps:</h2>
<p>My immediate next step will be to mount the amplifier module, solder it to the PCB, and mount the PCB inside the case.  Then I mount the heatsink and fans to the case.</p>
<p>I have a controller that I have designed at digital logic level, however I&#8217;ll need to do some further design work to make sure it&#8217;ll do what I intend, before procuring the parts and building it.</p>
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		<title>RFC: Evening Ragchew Contest</title>
		<link>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/07/17/rfc-ragchew-contest/</link>
		<comments>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/07/17/rfc-ragchew-contest/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 17 Jul 2011 11:44:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Redhatter (VK4MSL)</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Amateur Radio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AWNOI Net]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Syndication]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Thinktank]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/?p=839</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The problem For some time now, we&#8217;ve been putting up with interference from a few stations, who for now will remain nameless.  Foul language, deliberate interference, the list goes on… Allegedly some of these people have been doing it for longer than I&#8217;ve been alive. It is as if, these people, believe we are not [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>The problem</h2>
<p>For some time now, we&#8217;ve been putting up with interference from a few stations, who for now will remain nameless.  Foul language, deliberate interference, the list goes on…</p>
<p>Allegedly some of these people have been doing it for longer than I&#8217;ve been alive.</p>
<p>It is as if, these people, believe we are not entitled to use a small patch of radio spectrum to engage in a little friendly chat.</p>
<p><a href="http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2010/10/15/cq-jota-2010/#comment-2738">Some</a> have even gone as far as vowing to do &#8220;everything they can&#8221; to &#8220;ruin&#8221; amateur radio.</p>
<h1 style="text-align: center;"><strong>This means war.</strong></h1>
<p>Well, we <em>could</em> complain to the ACMA… apparently some have done this already… many times.  If they haven&#8217;t acted after 20 years worth of complaints, I don&#8217;t think they&#8217;ll ever act.  Not without a very substantial amount of evidence.</p>
<p>There is <em>nothing</em> however, that stops us, getting on the band and having a chat, except one thing.  Someone parking on the frequency we choose and interfering with our communications.  Yes, we could QSY, but experience has shown the culprits just chase us up and down the band.</p>
<p>They cannot be on <em>all</em> frequencies however.  One big group, on one frequency, is vulnerable to attack.  Numerous smaller groups, scattered across the band however, is far more resilient.  They cannot be on all frequencies at the same time.  More to the point, more ears open and listening, means more data points … bonus points if those &#8220;ears&#8221; are directional.</p>
<h2>My proposal</h2>
<p>What we need to do is stir up some activity on the 80m band.  The 80m amateur band is a <em>wonderful</em> local chit-chat band.  It has almost guaranteed propagation for distances over 1000km on any given evening.  It is open to <em>all</em> license classes.  (Well, if you ignore the DX window.)  I&#8217;m proposing a contest with a difference.</p>
<p>Most contests, you make contact with a station, exchange numbers, then it&#8217;s ta ta… (or &#8220;73&#8243;) and you go your separate ways.  Not terribly exciting listening.</p>
<p>I&#8217;m proposing a social ragchew contest.  I want to encourage as <em>many</em> people, on as <em>many</em> groups, as possible.  The more people, the better.  Talk about anything you like.  QRP and QRO stations welcome.  Mobile and portable stations, also welcome.  Newcomers, especially welcome.  Make it a large group, or a small group, doesn&#8217;t matter.  It doesn&#8217;t have to be a formal net, just so long as there&#8217;s at least three people.</p>
<h2>How will it be scored?</h2>
<p>This is something I&#8217;m still thinking about… but I&#8217;m thinking something along these lines… I would love your input.</p>
<p>For every hour, or part thereof, each member of a group chatting on the same frequency, will get one point for each member of that group.</p>
<p>So if 3 of you talk for 2¼ hours, that&#8217;s 3×3=9 points.</p>
<h3>Multipliers</h3>
<ul>
<li>Triple points for every station who has held their license:
<ul>
<li>Less than 12 months</li>
<li>Greater than 50 years</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Double points for every:
<ul>
<li>Station that is &#8220;mobile&#8221; (i.e. moving between localities) or  &#8220;portable&#8221; (i.e. set up temporarily at some location for less than one week)</li>
<li>QRP station (running 5 watts or less)</li>
<li>DX contact (overseas)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>I&#8217;m thinking these should be added together, so if in your group of VK&#8217;s you happen to score someone joining your group from Europe (for example) that only just got their license a month ago and is running QRP whilst mobile, add 24 points to each group member for every hour or part thereof that they participate on your group.</p>
<h2>What about interference?</h2>
<p>More than likely, this will stir up the trolls that seek to ruin our experience.  Part of the aim of this, is that <em>a lot</em> of people will be listening.  The following is something <em>anyone</em> can do, even the shortwave listeners.</p>
<ul>
<li>Log the following:
<ul>
<li>the time in UTC</li>
<li>your location (latitude/longitude or Maidenhair Locater)</li>
<li>the signal strength</li>
<li>the nature of interference</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>If you can, record the interference</li>
<li>If you have a directional antenna, point that in the direction where the signal is <em>strongest</em>.  Use that to measure the signal strength, and log the bearing, along with the antenna type.</li>
</ul>
<p>With enough evidence, we can flush out these serial pests once and for all.</p>
<h2>When will it be held?</h2>
<p>This is open to discussion… I&#8217;m thinking Friday or Saturday night.  I&#8217;m thinking it should start some time in the evening when the band opens up, maybe after 7:00PM.</p>
<p>The contest should remain open until the last group participating in the contest goes clear… if a group manages to successfully run to dawn the next day, good on them, maybe there should be bonus points for their efforts. <img src='http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':-)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>Let me know what your thoughts are… this is, as I say, a request for comment.  Feel free to get in touch with me directly or leave a comment here.</p>
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		<title>Open letter to Mal Moors, VK3CWM</title>
		<link>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/07/09/open-letter-vk3cwm/</link>
		<comments>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/07/09/open-letter-vk3cwm/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 08 Jul 2011 14:24:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Redhatter (VK4MSL)</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Amateur Radio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AWNOI Net]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Syndication]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rants]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/?p=833</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[(I&#8217;m not one normally for airing dirty laundry in this manner, but I feel it is marginally better than airing it on the air.) Dear Mal, Please.  What is your problem? This evening, your behaviour on this band was absolutely appauling.  For someone who has apparently had a radio license for longer than I&#8217;ve been [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>(I&#8217;m not one <em>normally</em> for airing dirty laundry in this manner, but I feel it is marginally better than airing it on the air.)</p>
<p>Dear Mal,</p>
<p>Please.  What is your problem?</p>
<p>This evening, your behaviour on this band was absolutely <em>appauling</em>.  For someone who has apparently had a radio license for longer than I&#8217;ve been alive, I am disappointed.  Sadly this is not an isolated incident but for now I&#8217;ll turn a deaf ear to previous offences and just focus on <em>tonight&#8217;s</em> offence.</p>
<p>I&#8217;m not sure if you&#8217;re the one that has been playing music over the top of us… some have made this allegation.  I&#8217;m happy to give you the benefit of a doubt, but the tirade that followed is very unbecoming of a radio amateur.  Foul language, deliberate interference, not identifying, name-calling, and generally making a nuisance.  As best I can tell, completely unprovoked.</p>
<p>You claimed, &#8220;I was here first&#8221;.  I was listening on 3584kHz from around 9:15PM.  I did hear Danny ask &#8220;<em>Is the frequency in use</em>&#8220;.  Several times.  I was mobile at Red Hill at the time.  Prior to this the frequency, as best I could hear with my marginal antenna, was devoid of all activity.  None the less, we gave you the benefit of the doubt, and after listening to your protest, we did the respectful thing and QSY&#8217;ed to 3590kHz.</p>
<p>Not a minute after we had done so, there you were, <em>trying</em> to talk over us (and only succeeding with the exceptionally weak stations), and misbehaving as before.  We had left you 3584kHz, moved to 3590kHz, and you <em>followed us up the band</em>.  Why?</p>
<p>All I have heard, is the ramble from a seeming madman.  All I, and others want to do, is use of 2.4 kHz, to have our friendly weekly chit chat.  You are even welcome to join in if you wish to be civil and <a href="http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2010C00897">play by the rules</a>.  If you wish to have a discussion with someone else, <em>we are not going to stop you</em>.</p>
<p>On the 80m band, <em>you&#8217;ve</em> got 3.503kHz to 3.700kHz and 3779kHz through to 3800kHz.  <em>You can go anywhere on that spectrum which isn&#8217;t already in use, why pick the frequency we&#8217;re using?</em>  If you still wish to use the frequency we&#8217;re on, why not do the <em>gentlemanly</em> thing, and <em>ask politely</em>?  We&#8217;re reasonable, we will move if you ask nicely.</p>
<p>Please, I am asking as nicely as I possibly can, please <em>leave us alone</em>.  We do not wish to interfere with you, <em>please</em> don&#8217;t interfere with us.</p>
<p>Regards,</p>
<p>Stuart VK4MSL, and other regulars of the Australia Wide Night-Owl and Insomnia Net.</p>
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		<title>An example of a true DC-to-daylight station</title>
		<link>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/06/30/true-dc-to-daylight/</link>
		<comments>http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/06/30/true-dc-to-daylight/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 2011 10:07:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Redhatter (VK4MSL)</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Amateur Radio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Syndication]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/?p=829</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Some have looked at my bicycle, with the HF regalia and have commented on how extreme the setup there is. However, it is worth pointing out, my station only covers the bands between 80m and 70cm (3.5 ~ 450MHz).  The radio can do 160m, however my license doesn&#8217;t permit me to go there, and 80m [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Some have looked at my bicycle, with the HF regalia and have commented on how extreme <a href="http://stuartl.longlandclan.yi.org/blog/2011/04/17/vk4mslbm-new-hf-antenna/">the setup</a> there is.</p>
<p>However, it is worth pointing out, my station <em>only</em> covers the bands between 80m and 70cm (3.5 ~ 450MHz).  The radio <em>can</em> do 160m, however my license doesn&#8217;t permit me to go there, and 80m really stretches the friendship of the autotuner as it is.</p>
<p>For true DC-to-daylight though, or very close to it, have a squiz at the <a href="http://vk4zq.wordpress.com/2011/06/30/assembling-a-portable-field-day-station/">portable/field day station</a> setup Roy VK4ZQ has come up with.  This <em>is</em> as close as most will ever get to DC-to-daylight… covering all bands from 80m through to 3cm.  Nicely done.</p>
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